O vendedor ético e sua influência nas variáveis relacionais do cliente industrial

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Resumo

No excitante mundo dos negócios, fechar acordos com clientes é a ponta de lança para atingir o objetivo do negócio; especialmente, neste ambiente económico global complexo e em mudança, em que acontecimentos como o surgimento da COVID-19 aceleraram a configuração de um novo cenário comercial baseado no contacto digital ou remoto. Objetivo. Examinar os efeitos da venda pessoal promovida pelo vendedor por meio da venda ética e seu impacto nas variáveis relacionais do cliente como confiança, lealdade e satisfação. Metodologia. Para responder às hipóteses propostas, foi utilizado um questionário estruturado a uma amostra de 341 PME’s industriais espanholas. Resultados. Através da aplicação de equações estruturais foi possível confirmar a influência significativa da venda ética nas variáveis satisfação, confiança e lealdade. Estes resultados pretendem ser úteis para a prática empresarial, uma vez que demonstram a relevância da figura do vendedor industrial na sua contribuição para o sucesso das relações comerciais neste novo contexto de relações empresariais. Conclusões. A figura do vendedor e o seu comportamento continuarão a ser fundamentais no contributo para o desempenho do negócio, bem como na sua necessária adaptação ao ambiente de trabalho.

Palavras-chave

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##

Biografia do Autor ##ver##

Alberto Gómez Martínez, Universidade de Múrcia

Mestrado M.B.A. em Gestão e Administração de Empresas. Universidade de Múrcia, Múrcia, Espanha.

Pedro Juan Martín Castejón, Universidade de Múrcia

Doutor em Ciências Empresariais. Universidade de Múrcia, Múrcia, Espanha

##references##

Agnihotri, R. et al. (2016). Social media: Influencing customer satisfaction in B2B sales. Industrial Marketing Management, 53, 172-180.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2015.09.003

Alexander, N. and Colgate, M. (2000). Retail financial services: Transaction to relationship marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 34(8), 938-953.

https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560010331432

Bagozzi, R.P. and Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 79-94.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02723327

Beatty, S.E. et al. (1996). Customer-Sales associate retail relationships. Journal of Retailing, 72(3), 223-247.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(96)90028-7

Brady, M.K. and Cronin, J.J. (2001). Customer orientation: Effects on customer service perceptions and outcome behaviors. Journal of Service Research, 3(3), 241-251.

https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050133005

Castelló, J. (2021). Vendedores responsables: un valioso activo para las empresas. Harvard Deusto. Business Review, 312, 20-30.

Chaudhuri, A. and Holbrook, B.M. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affects to brand performance: the role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81-93.

https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.65.2.81.18255

Chiesa, L., Salazar, R. y Marín, T. (2021). El vendedor híbrido: cómo mejorar la gestión comercial en la "nueva normalidad". Harvard Deusto. Business Review, 308, 34-39.

Corsaro, D., Maggioni, I. and Olivieri, M. (2021). Sales and marketing automation in the post-Covid-19 scenario: Value drivers in B2B relationships. Italian Journal of Marketing, 2021(4), 371-392.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s43039-021-00024-x

da Silva, D. (2020). La importancia de la ética empresarial en el servicio al cliente: los valores de su empresa a favor del consumidor. Zendesk. Recuperado de https://www.zendesk.com.mx/ blog/etica-servicio-al-cliente/.

Delgado, E. y Munuera, J.L. (2001). Confianza en la marca en el contexto de la lealtad del consumidor. Revista Europea de Marketing, 3(11/12), 1238- 1258.

Delgado, E., Munuera, J.L. and Yagüe, M.J. (2003). Development and validation of a brand trust scale. International Journal of Market Research, 45(1), 35-54.

https://doi.org/10.1177/147078530304500103

Delgado, E. and Munuera, J.L. (2005). Does brand trust matter to brand equity? Journal of Product & Brand Management, 14(3), 87-196.

https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420510601058

Donthu, N. and Gustafsson, A. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of Business Research, 117, 284-289.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008

Elkington, J. (1994). Towards the sustainable corporation: Win-win-win business strategies for sustainable development. California Management Review, 36(2), 90-100.

https://doi.org/10.2307/41165746

Engelbrecht, A.S., Heine, G. and Mahembe, B. (2017). Integrity, ethical leadership, trust and work engagement. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(3), 368-379.

https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2015-0237

Fei, S., Kwon, C. and Jin, C. (2021). The Role of Corporate Ethical Management on Trade Relationship Trust and Commitment: B2B. Sustainability, 13(9), 5290.

https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095290

Ferrell, O.C. and Gresham, L.G. (1985). A contingency framework for understanding ethical decision making in marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49(3), 87-96.

https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900308

Fornell, C. and Larcker, D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.

https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343-373.

https://doi.org/10.1086/209515

Fullerton, G. (2005). How commitment both enables and undermines marketing relationships. European Journal of Marketing, 39(11-12), 1372-1388.

https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560510623307

Futrell, C. (2021). Fundamentals of selling: Customers for life through service. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill.

Ganesan, S. (1994). Determinants of long-term orientation in buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 58(2), 1-19.

https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800201

Ganesh, J., Arnold, M.J. and Reynolds, K.E. (2000). Understanding the customer base of service providers: an examination of the differences between switchers and stayers. Journal of Marketing, 64(3), 65-87.

https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.64.3.65.18028

Gil, I. et al. (2008). Logistics service quality: a new way to loyalty. Industrial Management and Data Systems, 108(5), 650-668.

https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570810876778

Hague, P. and Hague, N. (2018). B2B customer experience: a practical guide to delivering exceptional CX. New York, USA: Kogan Page.

Henning, T. (2004). Motive des lesens von kunden artikulationen im internet: theoretische und empirische analyse. En Wiedmann, K.-P. et al. (Eds.), Konsumentenverhalten im Internet (pp. 171-193). New York, USA: Springer.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90689-2_7

Hofer, D., Cunha, L.R. e Magalhaes, J.M. (2015). Mensuração, teste e validação da confiança na marca. Revista Capital Científico-Eletrônica (RCCҽ), 13(2), 9-23.

Huang, J. y Zhang, D. (2008). Valor del cliente y lealtad a la marca: prueba empírica multidimensional. En Seminario Internacional sobre Tecnologías de la Información del Futuro e Ingeniería de Gestión, Instituto de Ingenieros Eléctricos y Electrónicos, Leicestershire, Reino Unido.

Iglesias, V. et al. A.B. (2002). Calidad y satisfacción en mercados industriales: influencia de las relaciones entre proveedor y comprador. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 11(2), 23-48.

Iwasaki, Y. and Havitz, M.E. (2004). Examining relationships between leisure involvement, psychological commitment and loyalty to a recreation agency. Journal of Leisure Research, 36(1), 45-72.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2004.11950010

Kotler, P. y Armstrong, G. (2017). Fundamentos de marketing. Ciudad de México, México: Pearson.

Kotler, P. y Keller, K. (2016). Dirección de marketing. Ciudad de México, México: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Laczniak, G.R. and Murphy, P.E. (2006). Normative perspectives for ethical and socially responsible marketing. Journal of Macromarketing, 26(2), 154- 177.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0276146706290924

Lagace, R.R., Dahlstrom, R. and Gassenheimer, J.B. (1991). The relevance of ethical salesperson behavior on relationship quality: the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 11(4), 39-47.

Le, T.T. (2022). How humane entrepreneurship fosters sustainable supply chain management for a circular economy moving towards sustainable corporate performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 368, 133178.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133178

Lee, D. et al. (2015). Antecedents and consequences of mobile phone usability: Linking simplicity and interactivity to satisfaction trust, and brand loyalty. Information & Management, 52(3), 295-304.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.12.001

Manning, B. and Reece, L. (2006). Selling Today: Creating Costumer Value. New York, USA: Pearson.

Marcet, X. (2021). El barrio de las excusas. La Vanguardia. Recuperado de https://www.lavanguardia. com/economia/20211003/7761860/excusasresultados-empresas-equipos.html.

Martín, P.J., Román, S. y Fernández, E. (2011). Influencia de los comportamientos relacionales del vendedor individual sobre la satisfacción, confianza y lealtad del comprador en un contexto de pymes industriales. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 17(3), 91-109.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1135-2523(12)60122-1

Martín, P.J., Sánchez, C. y de la Flor, S. (2018). Influencia del comportamiento ético del jefe de ventas en la actuación del vendedor. Gestión, Revista de Economía, 67, 13-24.

Martín, P.J. (2017). El nuevo paradigma de la venta ética. MarketingNews, 17, 2-4.

Morgan, R.M. and Hunt, S.D. (1994). The commitmenttrust theory of relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20-38.

https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800302

Oliver, R.L. (1993). Cognitive, affective, and attribute bases of the satisfaction response. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), 418-430.

https://doi.org/10.1086/209358

Oliver, R.L. (2015). Satisfaction. A behavioural perspective on the consumer. London, England: Routledge.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315700892

Palmatier, R.W. et al. (2006). Factors influencing the effectiveness of relationship marketing: a metaanalysis. Journal of Marketing, 70(4), 136-153.

https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.70.4.136

Ravald, A. and Grönroos, C. (1996). The value concept and relationship marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 30(2), 19-32.

https://doi.org/10.1108/03090569610106626

Revilla, M.A. y Gallego, M.Á. (2007). La importancia de la ética en la venta desde el punto de vista del consumidor. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, 13(1), 209-230.

Ribbink, D. et al. (2004). Comfort your online customer: Quality, trust and loyalty on the Internet. Managing Service Quality, 14(6), 446-456.

https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520410569784

Román, S. (2003). The impact of ethical sales behaviour on customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty to the company: an empirical study in the financial services industry. Journal of Marketing Management, 19(9-10), 915-939.

https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2003.9728245

Román, S. and Munuera, J.L. (2005). Determinants and consequences of ethical behaviour: an empirical study on salespeople. European Journal of Marketing, 39(5/6), 473-495.

https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560510590674

Román, S. and Ruiz, S. (2005). Relationship outcomes of perceived ethical sales behavior: the customer's perspectives. Journal Business Research, 58(4), 439-445.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.07.002

Román, S. and Iacobucci, D. (2009). Antecedents and consequences of adaptive selling confidence and behavior: a dyadic analysis of salespeople and their customers. Journal of the Academy Marketing Science, 38(3), 363-382.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-009-0166-9

Román, S. y Küster, I. (2014). Gestión de la venta personal y de equipos comerciales. Madrid, España: Ediciones Paraninfo S.A.

Ruiz, S. (2021). Liderazgo sostenible: hacia un modelo de empresa y gobernanza. Harvard Deusto. Business Review, 314, 16-25.

Rust, R.T. and Zahorik, A.J. (1993). Customer satisfaction, customer retention, and market share. Journal of Retailing, 69(2), 193-215.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4359(93)90003-2

Seidman, D. (2013). How. Por qué cómo hacemos las cosas significa tanto. Madrid, España: Aguilar.

Sirdeshmukh, D., Singh, J. and Sabol, B. (2002). Consumer trust, value, and loyalty in relational exchanges. Journal of Marketing , 66(1), 15-37.

https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.1.15.18449

Sung, Y. and Kim, J. (2008). Effects of brand personality on brand trust and brand affect. Psychology & Marketing , 27(7), 639-661.

https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20349

Valentine, S. and Barnett, T. (2002). Ethics codes and sales professionals' perceptions of their organizations' ethical values. Journal of Business Ethics , 40(3), 191-200.

https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020574217618

##cited.by##