Revista Perspectiva Empresarial

Does Going Green Pay Off? Empirical Analysis of Green Innovation and Financial Performance in Pakistan

Shah Mehmood Wagan — 2025-06-01

Green innovation supports businesses decrease their environmental influence while they expand efficiency, competitiveness, and profitability. This study examines impact of green innovation on the financial performance of firms in Pakistan, using panel data from 2015 to 2024. With rising global focus on sustainability, understanding how environmentally friendly practices influence economic results is crucial—mainly in developing economies like the Pakistan, where industrial growth often conflicts with environmental concerns. The study adopts a quantitative approach, using fixed-effects regression models to observe the relationship between green innovation and financial performance, while also testing the mediating role of regulatory compliance and moderating effect of firm size. The results show a statistically significant positive relationship between green innovation and financial performance, as evaluated by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q. Regulatory compliance is found to improve this relationship, suggesting that institutional pressures reinforce the financial benefits of sustainable practices.

Environmental Indicators as Proxies for Corruption: An Econometric Approach to Economic Growth in Mexico

Abril Yuriko Herrera Rios — 2025-11-20

This study evaluates the relationship between corruption and environmental indicators, specifically tree density and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), in Mexico’s states. A Ridge Cross-Validation (RidgeCV) regression model was applied to mitigate
multicollinearity and correct endogeneity. The dataset includes economic and environmental data from 32 states in Mexico. Results show that tree density is negatively correlated with economic activity, while NDVI has a marginally positive impact. These findings suggest that deforestation may be driven by economic and governance factors, highlighting the role of environmental degradation as a corruption proxy. This work contributes to institutional economics by providing empirical evidence for sustainable public policy design and enhancing corruption measurement through environmental indicators.

Determinants of Workplace Happiness and Its Impact on Performance: A Study in an Intermunicipal Transport Company

José Londoño Cardozo — 2025-06-01

This article analyzes the factors influencing employee happiness and its relationship with job performance in an intermunicipal transport company in Valle del Cauca. The purpose is to demonstrate that workplace happiness constitutes a structural factor for organizational productivity and sustainability. A quantitative, correlational methodology was used, involving surveys administered to 70 employees through instruments based on Likert scales to measure happiness and performance. The study examines happiness as a multifactorial phenomenon, highlighting the relevance of emotional self-regulation, perceptions of work, and opportunities for professional development. The results indicate that internal happiness and a positive perception of work are significantly related to job performance, whereas family relationships show a weaker correlation. It was also found that longer tenure may be associated with higher happiness levels, although it does not necessarily imply a perception of professional growth. The article’s main contribution lies in establishing that managing emotional well-being, along with recognition and participation conditions, are key determinants in enhancing employee performance. The conclusions emphasize that strengthening emotional skills, promoting clear pathways for profesional growth, and improving recognition practices should be prioritized to boost productivity and organizational well-being.

Seniority and experience as key factors in management skills for SMEs to achieve business competitiveness

Alma Brenda Leyva Carreras — 2025-06-01

Objective: To evaluate the influence of managerial skills related to seniority and experience on the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Hermosillo, Mexico.

Methodology: Mixed-methods design; an initial exploratory phase using an expert panel and the Delphi method to contextualize and validate the instrument. This was followed by a quantitative phase involving surveys of 108 companies and a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. Results: Managerial skills evolve according to managers' experience. During the first few years, these skills focus primarily on human and financial resource management, and less on strategic planning and management skills. These skills, along with globalization skills, are enhanced in managers with more than ten years of experience. Conclusions: Managerial skills are an internal factor in SMEs that influence business competitiveness and evolve alongside managers' experience.

Analysis of the change in business strategy during times of crisis in Mexico

Manuel Humberto De la Garza — 2025-06-01

The Covid-19 pandemic forced various stakeholders to adapt to the new normal. Companies, in particular, had to adapt to the context of the economic shutdowns resulting from the prioritization of activities. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the strategic shifts implemented by companies listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV) due to the Covid-19 health crisis, considering the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. A database was compiled with information from 97 companies (for each year of study), and empirical evidence was obtained using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square tests, and Bonferroni correction. This evidence suggests that the Prospective strategy exhibits lower profitability levels compared to Analytical and Defensive strategies. These results can be considered as a baseline.

Training in digital entrepreneurial skills for the development of new ventures

BRAHIAN STIVEN BETANCUR PORRAS — 2025-11-20

This study analyzes the impact of Digital Entrepreneurial Skills Training (DEST) on the Development of New Ventures (DNE) in the Cártama Province, specifically at the University Institution of Envigado. It addresses theories such as those of Schumpeter and Bandura to analyze skills from a technical, cognitive, and social perspective. The study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational approach, surveying 60 SME entrepreneurs. The results demonstrated that most possess basic or intermediate digital skills acquired informally, which improves innovation, efficiency, and strategic vision, although it does not guarantee access to financing. Factor analysis confirmed the theoretical construct and the correlations between the two variables. The study concluded that DEST is key to DNE through certain elements.

The Austrian School: A Perspective on its Action in the Epistemology of Economic Science

MARCELO ABAD VARAS — 2025-06-01

The objective of this research was to conduct a literature review on the Austrian School of Economic Thought. The research design consisted of a literature review leveraging scientific articles indexed in high-impact databases. This was done from an analytical, exploratory, applied, and non-experimental perspective. Among the main results, the particular methodological perspective of Austrian economists was determined: praxeology. This aspect implies that the focus of study and attention is the human being and their subjective nature, which leads to the lack of feasibility for modeling and predicting behavior. Economic freedom is another aspect highlighted. The contributions of precepts such as the lack of neutrality of money and subjectivity, as well as theoretical frameworks, are also aspects highlighted by the literature.

Innovation in Organizational Structures: A Critical Analysis of Recent Trends and Their Impact

CAROLINA RIVERA VARGAS — 2025-11-20

Innovation in organizational structures is a topic of great breadth and theoretical and practical importance, addressed from diverse perspectives that integrate technological, social, and cultural components. Although academic interest in this phenomenon has increased in recent years, a metanarrative review that critically systematizes the theoretical approaches, emerging trends, and associated structural impacts has not yet been identified. Therefore, this article aimed to identify the main recent trends in organizational structural innovation and analyze their implications through a review developed using the RAMSES methodology. This approach allowed for the organization and interpretation of information from a pluralistic and reflective perspective, based on criteria of theoretical inclusion, methodological rigor, and contextual relevance.

The review focused on literature published between 2019 and 2025, selected from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Among the most relevant results, five main trends were identified: structural flexibility, technological integration, participative leadership, organizational sustainability, and a culture of innovation. It was concluded that structural transformation involves interrelated processes of technological, cultural, and functional change that modify traditional organizational dynamics.

From Sustainability to Legitimacy: Reflections for the 21st-Century Company

Ana María Gómez Trujillo — 2025-11-20

In the contemporary conversation about business, few words have acquired as much power and, at the same time, as much complexity as sustainability. What was perceived a few decades ago as a peripheral responsibility today constitutes a strategic axis that connects the legitimacy of organizations, their competitiveness in international markets, and their ability to generate trust in society. Sustainability has gone from being a discourse to becoming a shared language that redefines how we conceive of business value.

In my research, I have explored precisely these intersections.

One of the questions that guided my first systematic reviews was: what comes first, sustainability or corporate reputation? The analysis of almost two decades of literature showed that, in most cases, sustainability acts as an antecedent and catalyst for reputation, consolidating itself as a tool for social acceptance and brand positioning (Gomez-Trujillo et al., 2020). It's not just about meeting indicators, but about understanding that environmental, social, and governance practices build a credible narrative that allows the company to differentiate itself, protect itself from reputational risks, and ensure its long-term survival.